Understanding planning · 13 min read
Planning application documents: what to read first
Understand planning application documents, officer reports and decision notices. Use a reading checklist, document table and worked example to inspect a case.
Council planning record
Land West of Ashton Road, Ashton Keynes, Wilts, SN6 6QT
Land West of Ashton Road, Ashton Keynes, Wilts, SN6 6QT
This record has no verified map location.
Construction and operation of anaerobic digestion facility, ancillary infrastructure and construction of new access from Ashton Road
Sign in to view all collected council fields and recorded changes.
Sign in to view collected details| Document | Published | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Email from Applicant containing Aviation Note.Correspondence | 29 May 2026 | View |
| Applicant's response to Landscape Officer comments.Statements · PDF | 3 Oct 2023 | View |
| Supplementary representation PL_2023_03359 Statutory Consultation on Aerodrome SafeguardingRepresentations · PDF | 13 May 2026 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_1432_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 5 Dec 2025 | View |
| Response to Landscape Officer CommentsReport · PDF | 5 Nov 2025 | View |
| Chapter 7 - LVIA_v1Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Annex AConsultee Response · PDF | 22 Jan 2025 | View |
| PL.2023.03359 - North South Land RepresentationsRepresentations · PDF | 22 Apr 2026 | View |
| EN1, EIA and NPPF Reasons for Alternative Sites AssessmentRepresentations · PDF | 13 May 2026 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 10 - Historic Environment.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Minutes of Strategic Committee - 14 July 2026Committee · PDF | 29 Jul 2026 | View |
| Lighting Assessment 03Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Straw Bunker Building - Plans as ProposedRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 7 - Landscape and Visual and appendices A to D.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Figure 10.1 to 10.3 - Photomonages.pdfPhoto · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Planning, Design and Access Statement.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Figure 9 - Photo Visualisations.pdfPhoto · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Non-Technical Summary.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Suggested planning condition on off site skylark mitigation from Applicant.Correspondence | 4 Dec 2025 | View |
| Figure 8 - Zone of Theoretical Visibility and Viewpoints.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| PL2023-03359 - Land West of Ashton Road, Ashton Keynes, Wilts, SN6 6QT(ii)Consultee Response · PDF | 15 Nov 2024 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 12 - Conclusions.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Ecological AssessmentRepresentations · PDF | 6 May 2026 | View |
| 1900001-Decision Notice-DECISION NOTICEConsultee Response · PDF | 20 Jun 2023 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 11 - Other Environmental Effects.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Appendix 7.4_Landscape Effects ScheduleRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Statutory Biodiversity Metric Calculation ToolRevised Plans/Documents | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Figure 7 - Landscape Character.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Lightning Mitigation Design StrategyRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Site Drainage Catchment Layout-Sheet 1 of 2.Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Site Enclosure Plan Sheet 1 of 2Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Mixer Tanks.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Preliminary Ecology Appraisal.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Drainage Response PL 2023 03359 Issue · PDF | 7 Nov 2025 | View |
| Clamp Sections and Details.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Site Layout Plan Sheet 1 of 2Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Biodiversity Net Gain Assessment.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Please wait for comments from Nature EnglandCorrespondence | 20 Dec 2024 | View |
| Fencing and Gate Details.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| 433029-PL-2023-03359-NEResponseConsultee Response · PDF | 22 Sept 2023 | View |
| RedactedPL202303359_HERef_P01559990_L437928Consultee Response · PDF | 26 Oct 2023 | View |
| Objection letter Nov 25Representations · PDF | 12 Nov 2025 | View |
| Seperator Building-Plans and Elevations.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_1435_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 5 Dec 2025 | View |
| Acorn - Ashton Keynes Technical Note - May 2026Statements · PDF | 13 May 2026 | View |
| Calculating Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRepresentations · PDF | 26 Jun 2026 | View |
| Environmental Statement Appendix 10.1 HEDBA.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Agent's response to Nature EnglandStatements · PDF | 19 Oct 2023 | View |
| PL2023-03359 - Land West of Ashton Road, Ashton Keynes, Wilts, SN6 6QT(iii)Consultee Response · PDF | 23 Oct 2025 | View |
| PL.2023.03359 Land west of Ashton Rd.Ashton Keynes_Anaerobic Digester_landscape interim response 27.03.2026Consultee Response | 9 Apr 2026 | View |
| Proposed Site Levels.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 2- Site and Surrounds.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Landscape Strategy PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 4 - Air Quality.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Email from applicant with Agri Land Quality AssessmentCorrespondence | 1 Jun 2026 | View |
| Site Elevations as ProposedSuperseded · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Site Drainage Catchment Layout-Sheet 2 of 2Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Appendix D Noise AssessmentRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Figure 6 - Landscape Strategy.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Proposed Site Layout.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 9 - Transport and Transport Statement.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| NE Response 531622Consultee Response · PDF | 12 Mar 2026 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_2474_001_RedactedConsultee Response · PDF | 21 Jan 2026 | View |
| Heritage Drawings 1-8.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Hard / Soft Landscape Plan Sheet 2 of 2Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Chicken Shed-Plans and Elevations.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 6 - Hydrology and Hydrogeology.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| PlanningProposal · PDF | 25 Oct 2023 | View |
| Preliminary Land Quality Risk Assessment.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Strategic Committee Minutes 21st April 2026Committee · PDF | 7 May 2026 | View |
| Ashton Keynes covering letter.Statements · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Drainage Impact Assessment (Condition Discharge)Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| PL.2023.03359_Anaerobic Digestion Facility-Land west of Ashton Keynes-Landscape Officer Comments.18.04.2024 · PDF | 18 Apr 2024 | View |
| Proposed Site levels PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Objection letter Nov 24 2Representations · PDF | 3 Dec 2024 | View |
| Dr Roz Savage Letter of ObjectionRepresentations | 7 Jul 2026 | View |
| Appendix G Updated Flood Risk AssessmentRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Welfare Office Internal LayoutPlan · PDF | 9 May 2023 | View |
| Email to applicant updating on Archaeology and Natural England comments.Correspondence | 28 Aug 2025 | View |
| Fermentor Tank DetailsPlan · PDF | 4 May 2023 | View |
| Water_Self_Sufficiency_Objection_PL_2023_03359_Cartwright_24_June2026_FINALRepresentations | 26 Jun 2026 | View |
| Chris SharpRepresentations | 22 Jul 2026 | View |
| Agricultural Land ClassificationReport · PDF | 1 Jun 2026 | View |
| PL.2023.03359 – Landscape consultation Response -Appendix A_13.05.26Consultee Response · PDF | 13 May 2026 | View |
| Strategic Committee Notification Letter - 21 April 2026Committee · PDF | 13 Apr 2026 | View |
| Proposed Manure Processing Building PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Updated Non Technical Summary AddendumRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Response to Locational Justification PresentationRepresentations · PDF | 19 Feb 2026 | View |
| Appendix A - Updates to Environmental Statement Chapter 2 and 3Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Liquid Storage Tanks - Plans, Section and Elevations as ProposedRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_2123_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 10 Jul 2026 | View |
| Natural England response by applicantCorrespondence · PDF | 23 May 2025 | View |
| Elevation Views - Previous and New Planning Scheme PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Carbon Calculations For The Planning BalanceRepresentations · PDF | 6 May 2026 | View |
| Proposed Site Elevations PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Preliminary Ecology Assessment - BatsRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Bat Nocturnal ReportRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Carbon CalculatorRevised Plans/Documents | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Appendix 7.1_LVIA_MethodologyRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Public Rights of Way PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Ashton Keynes Aviation NoteReport · PDF | 29 May 2026 | View |
| Seperator Building - Sections and Elevations as ProposedRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Environment Statement Appendix 7.1 Detailed MethodologyRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_2252_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 14 Jan 2026 | View |
| Liquid Storage TanksPlan · PDF | 4 May 2023 | View |
| Chicken Shed - Plans as ProposedSuperseded · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| PL.2023.03359 – Landscape consultation Response -Appendix A_13.05.26 · PDF | 14 May 2026 | View |
| Applicant's response to the comments from Public Protection TeamStatements · PDF | 31 Aug 2023 | View |
| Site Elevation As Proposed.Plan · PDF | 4 May 2023 | View |
| Seperator Building - Plans as ProposedRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_1810_001_Redacted · PDF | 22 Dec 2025 | View |
| 2026-06-11 PL_2023_03359 National Highways Planning Response_conditionsConsultee Response · PDF | 11 Jun 2026 | View |
| Landscape Character Assessment Figure 1 Study Area and Local Authority BoundariesRepresentations · PDF | 30 Jun 2026 | View |
| PlanningProposalConsultee Response | 26 May 2023 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_0197_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 9 Jun 2025 | View |
| Site Layout Plan Sheet 2 of 2Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Welfare Office Elevation LayoutPlan · PDF | 9 May 2023 | View |
| Neighbour and MoP Reconsultation.pdf · PDF | 11 Nov 2024 | View |
| 33m DIA. Dome Fermentor Tank - Plans, Section and Elevations as ProposedRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_0198_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 9 Jun 2025 | View |
| Biodiversity Net Gain PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_2252_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 14 Jan 2026 | View |
| Strategic Committee Notification Letter - 14 July 2026Committee · PDF | 6 Jul 2026 | View |
| Air Quality Impact AssessmentRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Hard / Soft Landscape Plan Sheet 1 of 2Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Ashton Keynes Locational Justification Final Issue 1Report · PDF | 21 Jan 2026 | View |
| 21-06-2023 PL_2023_03359 Highway consultation response Land West of Ashton Road Ashton KeynesConsultee Response · PDF | 21 Jun 2023 | View |
| Site location planRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_2330_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 19 Jan 2026 | View |
| Call In Form - Cllr Chuck BerryCall In · PDF | 22 May 2023 | View |
| Straw Bunker Building - Elevations as ProposedRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_0232_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 9 Jun 2025 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_1537_001_RedactedConsultee Response · PDF | 8 Jun 2026 | View |
| Topography planRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Drainage Details Sheet 2.Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| PL 2023 03359 Drainage Response 281124 · PDF | 28 Nov 2024 | View |
| Biodiversity MetricAdditional | 9 May 2023 | View |
| Email from National HighwaysCorrespondence | 4 Jun 2026 | View |
| Conflicts With Waste Core StrategyRepresentations · PDF | 20 May 2026 | View |
| Transport Technical Note to address Highway's commentsReport · PDF | 7 Sept 2023 | View |
| Legal Opinion on application of Finch principle to Ashton Keynes anaerobic digester, FINAL, 13.05.26Representations · PDF | 13 May 2026 | View |
| Supplementary-Representation-Transport_PL-2023-03359_McKeownRepresentations · PDF | 4 Jun 2026 | View |
| Planning Design & Access Statement AddendumRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Site Sections as ProposedRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Environmental designations planRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Site Layout PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| NE Response 493709Consultee Response · PDF | 22 Jan 2025 | View |
| Rationale for the Location of the Proposed Development - Technical NoteRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_1434_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 5 Dec 2025 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_1433_001 (002)_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 5 Dec 2025 | View |
| Appendix 7.2_P24-1022_EN_10A Landscape Strategy PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Site Drainage Layout-Sheet 2 of 2.Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Cover LetterRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Site Plan and 3D Images.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| PL2023-03359 - Land West of Ashton Road, Ashton Keynes, Wilts, SN6 6QTConsultee Response · PDF | 22 May 2023 | View |
| Drainage Details Sheet 1.Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Appendix 7.3_P24-1022_EN_11_Photomontages_LRRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Decision Notice · PDF | 16 Jul 2026 | View |
| ECO PL_2023_03359Consultee Response · PDF | 10 Apr 2026 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 8 - Land Quality.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Applicant's response to public consultationStatements · PDF | 7 Aug 2023 | View |
| Straw Bunker Building - Option C - Plans, Elevations and Sections.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Flood Risk Assessment.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Local landscape character planRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 3 - Project Description.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Response_WI-2026-059803(1)Consultee Response · PDF | 16 Jun 2026 | View |
| Contaminated Land commentsConsultee Response · PDF | 20 Nov 2025 | View |
| Environmental Statement Chapter 1 - Introduction.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Supplementary_Objection_Pollutant Pathway & Groundwater Risk_PL2023_03359 24 June FINALRepresentations · PDF | 24 Jun 2026 | View |
| Airfield Impact AssessmentReport · PDF | 26 Jun 2026 | View |
| Email to National HighwaysCorrespondence | 5 Jun 2026 | View |
| PL 2023 03359 Drainage Response 120923 | 12 Sept 2023 | View |
| Noise Assessment.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Mineral Resource AssessmentReport · PDF | 10 Apr 2026 | View |
| Arboricultural Feasibility Report.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Appendix 7.5 Visual Assessment ScheduleRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| PL.2023.03359 – AD Facility-Land west of Ashton Rd -Interim Landscape Consultation response_27.03.26 · PDF | 14 May 2026 | View |
| Ground Investigation ReportReport · PDF | 8 Jun 2023 | View |
| Somerford Keynes PC commentsConsultee Response · PDF | 20 Nov 2025 | View |
| Environment Statement Chapter 5 - EcologyStatements · PDF | 12 Oct 2023 | View |
| Statement of Community Involvement.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| JBA Techinal Note Q25-2520Consultee Response · PDF | 13 Nov 2025 | View |
| Land and Visual Impact Assessment - Figures 1 to 5a.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Chicken Shed Sections and Elevations as ProposedSuperseded · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Designations Plan.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Viewpoint location planRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Natural England responseAdditional · PDF | 28 Aug 2025 | View |
| Lighting Assessment.pdfSuperseded · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Applicant's response to drainage matteresStatements · PDF | 3 Aug 2023 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_2534_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 23 Jan 2026 | View |
| Wetland & Weir SectionsRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Objection Letter from Bewley HomesRepresentations · PDF | 3 Dec 2024 | View |
| Site Safety StatementStatements · PDF | 18 Oct 2023 | View |
| Location Plan.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Site Drainage Layout - Sheet 1 of 2Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Land West of Ashton Road | 7 Jun 2023 | View |
| 25-09-2023 PL_2023_03359 Further Highway consultation response Land West of Ashton Road Ashton KeynesConsultee Response · PDF | 25 Sept 2023 | View |
| Agent's response to Mr Godfrey's comments.Statements · PDF | 13 Oct 2023 | View |
| Carbon Calculation report - V3 FINALRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Application Form.pdfApplication Form · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Attenuation Tank SectionsRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Site Context.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| SCPC objection June 2026_Final 1Representations · PDF | 4 Jun 2026 | View |
| Screened zone of theoretical visibilityRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Arboricultural Development Statement.pdfStatements · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
| Committee Report - 14th July with appendices 1 and 1Committee · PDF | 6 Jul 2026 | View |
| Site Enclosure Plan Sheet 2 of 2Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Drainage Details Sheet 3.Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Environmental Statement Addendum V3Revised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Proposed Manure Processing Building Sections and Elevations PlanRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 17 Oct 2025 | View |
| Site Layout for PlanningRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| HGV Routing PlanPlan · PDF | 26 Jun 2026 | View |
| WCSRVRPS01_CMPG-2XN01519_0466_001_RedactedRepresentations · PDF | 12 Nov 2025 | View |
| Landscape RebuttalStatements · PDF | 9 Jun 2026 | View |
| Arup - Hardwick September 2024Representations · PDF | 26 Jun 2026 | View |
| 45m Dia. Fermentor Tank, 9m High - Plans, Section and Elevations as ProposedRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Trial trenching ReportReport · PDF | 25 Jul 2025 | View |
| PL 2023 03359 Drainage Responsev3 | 2 Jun 2023 | View |
| Regional landscape characterRevised Plans/Documents · PDF | 8 Nov 2024 | View |
| Paving Plan.pdfPlan · PDF | 26 Apr 2023 | View |
Documents open on the council website. Browse council documents if a link has changed.
Council milestones and published deadlines. A deadline passing does not confirm a decision.
A published target or deadline. It does not confirm an outcome.
Council sourceConditions aren’t listed here. Read the council decision notice for the full decision and conditions.
No related records were published in this section.
Understanding planning · 13 min read
Understand planning application documents, officer reports and decision notices. Use a reading checklist, document table and worked example to inspect a case.
Understanding planning · 13 min read
Understand pending consideration, approved, refused and withdrawn planning applications. Compare status labels and find the documents explaining each outcome.
Understanding planning · 13 min read
Read planning drawings, floor plans, elevations and sections. Use labelled diagrams, a drawing comparison table and revision checks to understand a proposal.